# 01.wxPython教程
# wxPython介绍
wxPython是Python编程语言的跨平台GUI工具包。它允许Python程序员创建具有健壮、功能强大的图形用户界面的程序,而且简单、容易。它是作为一组Python扩展模块实现的,这些模块封装了流行的wxWidgets跨平台库的GUI组件,该库是用c++编写的。由于编程语言是Python, wxPython程序很简单,易于编写和理解。 像Python和wxWidgets一样,wxPython是开源的,这意味着任何人都可以免费使用它,源代码也可以供任何人查看和修改。任何人都可以对项目进行修复或增强。 wxPython是一个跨平台工具包。这意味着同一个程序无需修改就可以在多个平台上运行。目前支持的平台是Microsoft Windows、Mac OS X和macOS,以及Linux或其他具有GTK2或GTK3库的类unix系统。在大多数情况下,在每个平台上使用本机小部件为应用程序提供100%的本机外观。
官方文档:wxpython (opens new window)
# 安装
pip install wxPython
# HelloWorld程序
import wx
app = wx.App() # 创建一个应用程序对象
frm = wx.Frame(None, title="Hello World")
frm.Show()
app.MainLoop() # 启动事件循环,保持窗口持续
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# 简单的菜单栏和工作区的小程序
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Hello World, but with more meat.
"""
import wx
class HelloFrame(wx.Frame):
"""
A Frame that says Hello World
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
# ensure the parent's __init__ is called
super(HelloFrame, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
# create a panel in the frame
pnl = wx.Panel(self)
# put some text with a larger bold font on it
st = wx.StaticText(pnl, label="Hello World!")
font = st.GetFont()
font.PointSize += 10
font = font.Bold()
st.SetFont(font)
# and create a sizer to manage the layout of child widgets
sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
sizer.Add(st, wx.SizerFlags().Border(wx.TOP|wx.LEFT, 25))
pnl.SetSizer(sizer)
# create a menu bar
self.makeMenuBar()
# and a status bar
self.CreateStatusBar()
self.SetStatusText("Welcome to wxPython!")
def makeMenuBar(self):
"""
A menu bar is composed of menus, which are composed of menu items.
This method builds a set of menus and binds handlers to be called
when the menu item is selected.
"""
# Make a file menu with Hello and Exit items
fileMenu = wx.Menu()
# The "\t..." syntax defines an accelerator key that also triggers
# the same event
helloItem = fileMenu.Append(-1, "&Hello...\tCtrl-H",
"Help string shown in status bar for this menu item")
fileMenu.AppendSeparator()
# When using a stock ID we don't need to specify the menu item's
# label
exitItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT)
# Now a help menu for the about item
helpMenu = wx.Menu()
aboutItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_ABOUT)
# Make the menu bar and add the two menus to it. The '&' defines
# that the next letter is the "mnemonic" for the menu item. On the
# platforms that support it those letters are underlined and can be
# triggered from the keyboard.
menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File")
menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help")
# Give the menu bar to the frame
self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
# Finally, associate a handler function with the EVT_MENU event for
# each of the menu items. That means that when that menu item is
# activated then the associated handler function will be called.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnHello, helloItem)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnExit, exitItem)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, aboutItem)
def OnExit(self, event):
"""Close the frame, terminating the application."""
self.Close(True)
def OnHello(self, event):
"""Say hello to the user."""
wx.MessageBox("Hello again from wxPython")
def OnAbout(self, event):
"""Display an About Dialog"""
wx.MessageBox("This is a wxPython Hello World sample",
"About Hello World 2",
wx.OK|wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# When this module is run (not imported) then create the app, the
# frame, show it, and start the event loop.
app = wx.App()
frm = HelloFrame(None, title='Hello World 2')
frm.Show()
app.MainLoop()
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